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| Back clearance |
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The angle between the back of a tooth and a tangent of the circumference or cutting circle. Same as Clearance angle.
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| Back connected |
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A condition where pipe connections are on normally unexposed surfaces of hydraulic equipment. (Gasket mounted units are back connected.)
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| Back pressure |
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A pressure in series. Usually refers to pressure existing on the discharge side of a load. It adds to the pressure required to move the load.
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| Backcut |
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The final cut in felling a tree by hand, made on the side opposite the intended direction of fall, after the undercut.
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| Backhaul |
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A delivery by tractor-trailer originates from where the trailer is loaded, the load is delivered to a destination, then the trucker returns home. If the return is also a paying load to be delivered to the vicinity of the trucker's home, that load is called a backhaul. If the trucker returns home empty, that run is called a "deadhead".
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| Backing veneer |
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The layer of veneer used on the reverse side of a piece of plywood from the face or decorative side.
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| Backrest |
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A wood bench opposite the tensioner, used to support a circular saw when checking tension.
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| Baffle |
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1. A barrier in a dry kiln used to deflect and control airflow through the lumber.
2. A device, usually a plate, installed in a reservoir to separate the pump inlet from return lines.
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| Baffle, end |
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A hinged baffle in a dry kiln that closes the gap at the end of the lumber next to the doors.
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| Baffle, floor |
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A hinged or stationary baffle in a dry kiln that closes the gap at the bottom of the lumber unit, preventing air from escaping under the load.
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| Baffle, overhead |
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A hinged baffle in a dry kiln that closes the gap between the overhead fan deck and the top of the lumber load.
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| Baghouse |
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An air pollution control device that captures particulate in filter bags.
View: Baghouse Examples
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| Band saw |
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A saw made from steel, butt welded into an endless belt or band with teeth on one or both edges arranged to cut sequentially.
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| Band sawmill |
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An evolution in sawmill technology that uses a thinner band saw blade (less kerf therefore less sawdust waste) than a circular saw. A bandsaw can also have teeth on both sides that allows cuts to be made in two directions instead of just one, improving efficiency and productivity.
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| Bar or blade |
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That part of the chainsaw upon which the cutting chain moves.
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| Barberchair |
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A vertical split in a tree, generally caused by an insufficient undercut or by neglecting to cut the sapwood on both sides of a heavy leaning tree before felling. Results in a stump which looks like a high-backed chair. Very dangerous to the faller.
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| Bark |
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The outermost, protective layer, of a tree.
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| Bark pocket |
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A small area of bark around which normal wood has grown; an opening between annual growth rings that contains bark. Bark pockets appear as dark streaks on radial surfaces and as rounded areas on tangential surfaces.
View: Bark Pocket
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| Basal area |
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Cross sectional area of a tree, in square feet, measured at breast height. Used as a method of measuring the volume of timber in a given stand.
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| Base of tree |
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That portion of a natural tree not more than three feet above ground level.
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| Basis weight |
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1. The weight, in pounds, of a ream (500 sheets) of paper cut to a given standard size for that
particular paper grade.
2. For linerboard and corrugating medium, the weight of the paper per 1,000 sq. ft.
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| Baud rate |
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The speed at which data is transmitted and received over serial communication lines. The equipment on both sides of the communications line must be set up to send and receive data at the same rate.
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| BCTMP |
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Bleached chemi-thermomechanical pulp.
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| Bearings |
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A part on which the arbor, pivot, pin, or the like, turns or revolves.
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| Beehive burner |
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A wood waste incinerator.
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| Belt |
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Part of the conveyor on which pieces of wood are displaced.
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| Bending strength |
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A measure of the resistance of wood to an applied bending stress which is a combination of three primary stresses, i.e., compressive, tensile, and shear stresses.
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| Bevel cut |
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An angled cut through a board.
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| Big box stores |
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Large, warehouse-type lumber and building material stores catering to do-it-yourself (DIY) shoppers. Home Depot and Lowes are examples.
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| Bight |
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A work area made hazardous by a line or equipment under tension.
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| Biodegradable |
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Something that breaks down to its component parts in the environment.
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| Biomass |
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The quantity of biological matter of one or more species present on a unit area. With respect to trees, biomass can be expressed in terms of various components (wood, bark, foliage, roots, etc.) of all trees on a unit area or of a single tree; biomass quantities of trees are commonly expressed on an oven-dry weight basis.
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| Biomass boiler |
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Biomass boilers burn bark, sander dust and other wood-related scrap not usable in product production. Also called "hogged fuel" boilers, biomass boilers make steam and heat for mill use.
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| Bit |
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The smallest unit of memory in a computer. A bit is a single digit and can only have the values 0 or 1. Bits are combined into words of memory.
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| Bite (feed per tooth) |
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The depth of cut per tooth, inch. In general, the formula is: bite = distance between teeth (in inches) times feed speed (in feet per minute) divided by saw velocity (in feet per minute). More simply it is the distance the log or cant advances into the saw between successive teeth.
View: Bandmill Formula, Gang Edger Formula, Quad Sawbox Formula
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| Bleaching, pulp |
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The process of removing residual lignin from pulp to improve the brightness and strength.
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| Bleed-off |
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To divert a specific controllable portion of hydraulic pump delivery directly to reservoir.
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| Blow down |
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Tree or trees felled by wind. Also known as Windfall.
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| Blue stain |
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A bluish or dim-grayish discoloration of the sapwood caused by the growth of certain dark-colored fungi on the surface and in the interior of the wood, made possible by the same conditions that favor the growth of other fungi. Also known as Sap stain or Sapwood stain.
View: Blue Stain
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| Board |
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Lumber that is nominally less than two inches thick and two inches or more wide.
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| Board edger |
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Machine centre for removing the wane from the sides of flitches.
View: Board Edger Examples
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| Board foot |
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A unit of measurement of lumber represented by a board 1 foot long, 12 inches wide, and 1 inch thick or its metric equivalent. In practice, the board foot calculation for lumber 1 inch or more in thickness is based on its nominal thickness and width and the actual length. Lumber with a nominal thickness of less than 1 inch is calculated as 1 inch.
View: Board Foot
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| Boiler |
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Steam generation equipment.
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| Bolt |
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A short section of a tree trunk. In veneer production, a short log of a length suitable for peeling in a lathe.
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| Bolt circle |
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A circle scribed around the arbor hole of a circle saw which has one or more holes laid out to receive bolts.
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| Bond strength |
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The unit load applied in tension, compression, flexure, cleavage, or shear, required to break an adhesive assembly, with failure occurring in or near the plane of the bond.
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| Bone-dry ton (BDT) |
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Material that weighs 2,000 pounds at zero percent moisture content. Also known as an Ovendry ton or Bone Dry Metric Ton.
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| Bone-dry unit (BDU) |
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A quantity of wood residue that would weigh 2,400 pounds at zero percent moisture content.
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| Boom |
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A raft of logs or a string of logs chained together, end to end, used to hold floating logs. A means of log storage or transportation.
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| Boomboat |
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Any boat used to push or pull logs, boom, bundles, or bags, in booming ground operations.
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| Bound moisture |
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Moisture which is closely bound to the cell wall constituents of wood.
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| Bound water |
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Water that is bound within the cell wall of wood. Water held in wood below the fiber saturation point. Bound water moves by diffusion.
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| Bow |
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A lumber defect referring to deviation from a straight line drawn end to end along the wide face of a piece of lumber. See also Warp.
View: Bow
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| Braze |
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As in welding, a method of adhering or soldering carbide or other hard metal teeth inserts, or joining pieces of metal.
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| Breather |
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A device which permits air to move in and out of a container or component to maintain atmospheric pressure.
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| British thermal unit (Btu) |
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The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit.
View: Metric / Imperial Conversion
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| Broad-leaved trees |
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Trees which shed their leaves in the autumn. Most broadleaved or deciduous trees are hardwoods and have broad leaves.
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| Brow log |
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A log or a suitable substitute placed parallel to any roadway at a landing or dump to protect the carrier and facilitate the safe loading or unloading of logs, timber products, or materials.
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| Brown rot |
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Any decay in wood in which the attack is confined to the cellulose and associated carbohydrates rather than the lignin, producing a light to dark brown friable residue - hence the term "dry rot". An advanced stage of brown rot where the wood splits along rectangular planes, in shrinking, is referred to as "cubical rot".
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| Buck |
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To saw felled trees into log lengths. Note: In some two person felling operations, one member may fall the tree and the other may limb and buck it. The second person is often called a "bucker". Usually the two members interchange the duties throughout the work day.
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| Bucking |
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Cross-cutting felled trees into logs or bolts.
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| Buckskin |
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A log or tree with the bark fallen off.
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| Bulbs |
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General term referring to the drybulb and wetbulb sensors within a kiln.
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| Bulk density |
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Factor used to convert between solid wood equivalent of processed wood such as chips, pulp, particleboard, and sawdust. The solid wood equivalent volume is considered to have a bulk density factor of one.
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| Bunk |
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To place the empty trailer of a logging truck on the tractor unit's bunk for the trip back to the landing.
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| Bunk support |
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The horizontal kiln truck supports on which the lumber is placed for drying.
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| Burl |
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A swirl or twist in the grain of wood, usually occurring near a knot, but which itself does not contain a knot. Valued as the source of highly-figured burl veneers used for ornamental purposes.
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| Butt |
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Bottom of a felled part of a tree; large end of a log.
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| Butt cut |
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The first cut above the stump of a tree.
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| Butt log |
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First log cut above the stump. Also known as Butt cut.
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| Butt rot |
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Decay or rot characteristically confined to the base or lower bole of a tree.
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