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| Gallon (gal) |
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A unit of volume. A US gallon is equal to 4 quarts or 231 cubic inches (approximately 3.79 liters). A British imperial gallon is equal to four quarts or 4.55 liters.
View: Metric / Imperial Conversion
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| Gang edger |
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A machine having a battery of circular saws, all of which are fitted to the same arbor. The saws may be over arbor, under arbor, or double arbor. There are straight sawing gangs and curve sawing gangs.
View: Gang Edger Examples
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| Gang sawing |
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This term has several meanings, one being the use of multiple fixed saws on a common arbor. The term is also used in reference to "sash" gang sawing or "rotary" gang sawing, or sawing through and through with all saw lines parallel at the headrig.
View: Gang Edger Examples
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| Gantry tower |
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The short tower on a modern swing yarder, located just to the rear of the leaning yarder tower, used to accommodate the walking guy lines and lines to raise and lower the boom of a yarding crane.
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| Gauge |
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The thickness of the saw blade, best expressed in decimals of an inch or millimetres.
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| Gauge pressure |
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A pressure scale which ignores atmospheric pressure. Its zero point is 14.7 psi absolute.
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| Glue |
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Originally, a hard gelatin obtained from hides, tendons, cartilage, bones, etc., of animals. Also, an adhesive prepared from this substance by heating with water. Through general use the term is now synonymous with the term "Adhesive".
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| Glue laminated beams |
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Beams made of lumber glued together. Replacements for solid wood timbers and steel beams.
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| Glue laminating |
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Production of structural or non-structural wood members by bonding two or more layers of wood together with adhesive.
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| Glueline |
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The layer of adhesive that attaches two adherends. Also called a Bondline.
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| Glulam (glue laminated) |
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Structural wood product made by bonding together laminations of dimension lumber.
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| Grade |
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The designation of the quality of a manufactured piece of wood or of logs.
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| Grade stamp |
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An inked marking put on lumber to show its important characteristics and mill information.
View: Grade Stamp Examples
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| Grademark |
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A stamp or symbol applied to a piece of lumber, by the grader at a planermill, to designate grade.
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| Grain |
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The direction, size, arrangement, appearance, or quality of the fibers in wood or lumber. To have a specific meaning the term must be qualified.
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| Grain, close |
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Narrow, inconspicuous annual rings. The term is sometimes used to designate wood having small and closely spaced pores, but in this sense the term "fine-textured" is more often used.
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| Grain, coarse |
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Wide, conspicuous annual rings in which there is considerable difference between springwood and summerwood. The term is sometimes used to designate wood with large pores, such as oak, ash, chestnut, and walnut, but in this sense the term "coarse-textured" is more often used.
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| Grain, cross |
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Fibers that deviate from a line parallel to the sides of the piece; may be either diagonal or spiral grain or a combination of the two.
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| Grain, curly |
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Fibers that are distorted so that they have a curled appearance, as in "birdseye" wood. The areas showing curly grain may vary up to several inches in diameter.
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| Grain, diagonal |
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Has annual rings that are at an angle with the axis of a piece as a result of sawing at an angle with the bark of the tree or log. A form of cross grain.
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| Grain, edge |
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Sawed so that the wide surfaces extend approximately at right angles to the annual growth rings. Lumber is considered edge-grained when the rings form an angle of 45 to 90 degrees with the wide surface of the piece.
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| Grain, end |
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The grain as seen on a cut made at a right angle to the direction of the fibers (e.g., on a cross section of a tree).
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| Grain, flat |
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Sawed parallel to the pith and approximately tangentially to the growth rings. Lumber is considered flat-grained when the annual growth rings make an angle of less than 45 degrees with the surface of the piece.
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| Grain, interlocked |
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Fibers that for several years slope in a right-handed direction, and then for a number of years slope to a left-handed direction, and so on. Such wood is exceedingly difficult to split radially, though tangentially it may split fairly easily.
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| Grain, open |
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The common classification for woods with large pores, such as oak, ash, chestnut, and walnut. Also known as "coarse-textured".
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| Grain, spiral |
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Fibers that take a spiral course around the trunk of a tree instead of the normal vertical course. The spiral may extend in a right-handed or left-handed direction around the tree trunk. Causes slope of grain in lumber. Spiral grain is a form of cross grain.
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| Grain, straight |
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Fibers that run parallel to the axis of a piece.
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| Grain, vertical |
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Another term for edge-grained lumber.
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| Grain, wavy |
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Fibers that collectively take the form of waves or undulations.
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| Gram (g) |
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A metric unit of weight equal to one thousandth of a kilogram; one ounce is approximately 28 grams.
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| Grapple |
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A hinged set of jaws capable of being opened and closed, used to grip logs during yarding or loading. Can also be attached to swing or non-swinging grapple skidder.
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| Grapple skidder |
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A skidder equipped with a grapple to handle logs; used in place of chokers.
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| Grapple yarding |
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Cable yarding with grapples instead of chokers.
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| Gravity packed unit (GPU) |
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A unit (normally a 200 cubic foot space) filled with chips or other residue material and allowed to settle under the action of gravity.
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| Green lumber |
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Freshly sawed or undried wood.
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| Green target sizes |
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The size that lumber must be cut in the green form to allow for sawing deviation, shrinkage in drying and allowance for fibre removed in the finishing process.
View: Target Size
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| Green weight |
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The term green weight specifically refers to the weight of freshly harvested wood that has the same moisture content (MC) as the standing tree. MC is defined as the weight of water in the wood expressed as a percentage of the weight of the oven-dry wood (wood from which all moisture has been removed). Also see "Dry weight".
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| Green wood |
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Freshly sawed or undried wood which still contains the moisture that was present in the standing tree.
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| Greenhouse gases |
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Gases that provide an insulating effect in the earth's atmosphere, potentially leading to global climate change. These gases include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, and water vapour.
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| Gross scale |
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The volume of a log obtained from original geometric measurements without adjustments for potential processing losses associated with crookedness, decayed regions, and so forth.
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| Groundwood paper |
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Newsprint and other inexpensive paper made from pulp created when wood chips are ground mechanically rather than refined chemically.
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| Groundwood pulp |
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A mechanical wood pulp produced by pressing a debarked log against a revolving pulpstone and reducing the wood to a mass of fibers.
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| Growth ring |
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One year’s growth increment of a tree composed of one band of springwood (earlywood) and one band of summerwood (latewood). Also called an Annual ring.
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| Guide blocks |
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The arms of the saw-guide mechanism which hold the guide pins on a bandsaw.
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| Guide or saw guide |
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A supporting device above and/or below the cut to restrain the saw from deviating off line. It generally uses metal holders with babbit faces precision machined for accurate tolerances.
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| Guide rail |
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A rail that guides the movement of the sawmill carriage.
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| Gullet |
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The area of the saw tooth in which the sawdust is carried.
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| Gullet area factor |
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The factor (% usage) applied to the calculation using tooth pitch and gullet depth (essentially the area of a rectangle) to convert to the actual size of the gullet.
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| Gullet fill % |
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The percentage of the gullet that is filled based on a specific feed speed, gullet size, etc. The feed speed calculations should not allow the gullet fill to exceed 100%.
View: Bandmill Formula, Gang Edger Formula, Quad Sawbox Formula
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| Gum spots |
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Accumulation of resinous material often found on panel surfaces. May be removed by sanding.
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| Gumming |
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The process of cutting out the gullets of a saw.
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