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| Laminar (flow) |
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A condition where the fluid particles move in continuous parallel paths.
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| Laminate |
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A product made by bonding together two or more layers (laminations) of material or materials.
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| Laminated linerboard |
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Two or more plies of linerboard adhered to one another for increased structural stability.
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| Laminated timbers |
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An assembly made by bonding layers of veneer or lumber with an adhesive so that the grain of all laminations is essentially parallel.
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| Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) |
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A structural lumber manufacture from veneers laminated into a panel with the grain of all veneer running parallel. The resulting panel is generally manufactured in 3/4 to 1-1/2 inch thicknesses and ripped to common lumber widths of 1-1/2 to 11-1/2 inches, or wider.
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| Landing |
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A place where logs are collected prior to further transportation.
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| Latewood |
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The portion of the annual growth ring that is formed after the earlywood formation had ceased. It is usually denser and stronger mechanically than earlywood. Also called Summerwood.
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| Layup |
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The process of loosely assembling the adhesive-coated components of a unit, particularly a panel, to be pressed or clamped.
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| Lead |
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Nonparallel alignment of the guide track and circle saw plate which offsets carriage travel with respect to the saw plane. The purpose is to provide clearance for the back of the saw and counteract the tendency of the saw to run out of logs. Also used to denote the tendency of a saw to pull or "lead" to one side in a cut, often caused by off-square.
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| Left-hand sawmill |
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A sawmill in which the carriage and saw are on the left-hand side of a person standing on the log deck and facing the rear of the mill.
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| Level |
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Perfectly horizontal.
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| Leveling |
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The act of bringing a saw to a flat, even surface.
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| Lever-type swage |
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A device for widening the tips of saw teeth by drawing out the tooth point between a lever-actuated die and a fixed anvil.
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| Leverage |
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A gain in output force over input force by sacrificing the distance moved. Mechanical advantage or force multiplication.
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| Lift |
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The height a body or column of fluid is raised; for instance, from the reservoir to the pump inlet. Lift is sometimes used to express a negative pressure or vacuum. The opposite of head.
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| Light framing |
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The use of dimension lumber, trusses, and other small cross-section members to provide support and enclosure for a building.
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| Lignin |
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The second most abundant constituent of wood, located principally in the secondary wall and the middle lamella, which is the thin cementing layer between wood cells. Chemically it is an irregular polymer of substituted propylphenol groups, and thus no simple chemical formula can be written for it.
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| Lily pad |
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A thin slice of wood, sometimes taken off the stump and used to cover the saw if it's to be left out.
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| Limbing |
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To cut branches off felled trees.
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| Limit switch |
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Electrical device that transmits an electrical signal when in physical contact with an object.
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| Line |
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A tube, pipe or hose which acts as a conductor of hydraulic fluid.
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| Linear actuator |
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A device for converting hydraulic energy into linear motion - a cylinder or ram.
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| Linerboard |
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The inner and outer layers of paper that form the wall of a corrugated container.
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| Liter (l) |
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Basic unit of volume in the metric system equal to 1,000 cubic centimetres (1.056 US quarts).
View: Metric / Imperial Conversion
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| Loader |
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Any of a variety of machines, wheel or track mounted, designed primarily to lift and load a truck, train or other mode of transportation.
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| Log |
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A segment sawed or split from a felled tree, such as, but not limited to, a section, bolt, or tree length.
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| Log Bin |
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Transfer conveyor on which logs are kicked by the log sorter.
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| Log dump |
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A place where logs are removed from transporting equipment. It may be either dry land or water, parbuckled over a brow log or removed by machine.
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| Log scales |
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Determines the value of a log by estimating number of board feet of lumber it will yield (less allowances for bark, slab and kerf). Helps log sellers understand what they are getting for the product of their labor. Log buyers can usually predict the actual yield of board feet from a log depending on the log rule used. Three major log scales are used: Scribner Log Rule, Doyle Log Rule and International Log Rule, although there are others (Maine and Roy). It is vital that sellers understand the differences between the scaling methods so as not to be taken advantage of. Savvy buyers are flexible in the rules they use. A common rule of thumb is that International is always 25% better than Doyle, and Scribner is always 15% better. Doyle and International are dramatically different for small diameter logs, yet very similar for large diameter logs. If the average diameter range of logs is 14" to 20", you can convert Doyle to International by multiplying 1.2 And Scribner to International by multiplying 1.11. For example, if logs for a particular site scaled about 5,000 board feet in Doyle, this would convert to 6,000 board feet in International and 5,500 board feet in Scribner.
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| Long butt |
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1. After a tree is felled a section of the butt-end may be sawn off because of rot.
2. A swelled or cull portion cut off of a butt log.
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| Long log |
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To produce logs over 20 feet long , commonly 32 to 40 feet long. Also known as "Long wood".
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| Longitudinal |
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Generally, parallel to the direction of the wood fibers.
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| Longitudinal direction |
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Oriented in the direction of the length of the wood grain.
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| Loose collar |
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The flanged collar that is fixed against the circular saw by attachment to the arbor by means of a nut.
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| LRF |
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Lumber recovery factor. Measurement of lumber recovery or yield from a quantity of log volume. Most commonly expressed as thousand board feet per cubic meter or board feet per cubic feet. A true measure of LRF is the finished shippable lumber per unit of logs delivered (bush to box car).
View: LRF Conversion, LRF By Diameter, Earnings Vs LRF
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| Lug |
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A projection mounted on a chain to push material (logs or lumber).
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| Lumber |
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The product of the saw and planing mill not further manufactured than by sawing, resawing, passing lengthwise through a standard planing machine, crosscutting to length, and matching.
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| Lumber dimensions |
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1. Actual size: The dimensions obtained when an individual piece of lumber is measured with
a caliper and tape.
2. Manufactured size: The dimensions for a given state of manufacture that are provided in
product specifications. Examples are rough-green, surfaced-dry, and so forth. The
manufactured size stated in the American Lumber Standards for a surfaced-dry 2x4 is 1.5 x
3.5 inches.
3. Nominal size: The size in name only; the commercial name by which lumber is known and
sold on the market (e.g., 2x4) and the basis used to calculate lumber volume in board feet.
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| Lumber recovery factor (LRF) |
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Measurement of lumber recovery or yield from a quantity of log volume. Most commonly expressed as thousand board feet per cubic metre or board feet per cubic feet. A true measure of LRF is the finished shippable lumber per unit of logs delivered (bush to box car).
View: LRF Conversion, LRF By Diameter, Earnings Vs LRF
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| Lumber ruler |
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A tool resembling a ruler with a handle at one end and a hood at the other which is used to calculate the board footage of a piece of lumber.
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| Lumber sorter |
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Computerized system in which lumber is graded, measured, and sorted into bins.
View: Lumber Sorter Examples
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| Lumber, factory and shop |
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Lumber intended to be cut up for use in further manufacture. It is graded on the basis of the percentage of the area that will produce a limited number of cuttings of a specified minimum size and quality.
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| Lumber, matched |
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Lumber that is edge dressed and shaped to make a close tongued-and-grooved joint at the edges or ends when laid edge to edge or end to end.
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| Lumber, patterned |
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Lumber that is shaped to a pattern or to a molded form in addition to being dressed, matched, or shiplapped, or any combination of these workings.
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| Lumber, rough |
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Lumber that has not been dressed (surfaced) but which has been sawed, edged, and trimmed.
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| Lumber, shiplapped |
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Lumber that is edge dressed to make a lapped joint.
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| Lumber, side |
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A board from the outer portion of the log – ordinarily one produced when squaring off a log while producing a cant.
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| Lumber, structural |
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Lumber that is intended for use where allowable properties are required. The grading of structural lumber is based on the strength or stiffness of the piece as related to anticipated uses.
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| Lumber, surfaced |
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Lumber that is dressed by running it through a planer.
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| Lumber, timbers |
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Lumber that is nominally 5 inches or more in least dimension. Timbers may be used as beams, stringers, posts, caps, sills, girders, purlins, and so forth.
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| Lumber-core plywood |
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Plywood where thin sheets of veneer are glued to a core of narrow boards. Lumber-core plywood differs from regular plywood in that regular plywood is made up of successive layers of alternating grain veneer.
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