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| Radial |
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1. Coincident with a radius from the axis of the tree or log to the circumference. A radial section
is a lengthwise section in a plane that passes through the center of the tree stem.
2. A longitudinal surface or plane extending wholly or in part from the pith to the bark.
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| Radial clearance |
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Angular clearance on the sides of a saw tooth or saw blade.
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| Ram |
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A single-acting cylinder with a single diameter plunger rather than a piston and rod. The plunger in a ram-type cylinder.
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| Random lengths (RL) |
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Lumber of various lengths, usually in even two-foot increments. Lumber offered as random length will contain a variety of lengths which can vary greatly between manufacturers and species. A random length loading is presumed to contain a fair representation of the lengths being produced by a specific manufacturer.
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| Rate of growth |
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The amount of tree growth each year expressed as the number of growth rings per inch.
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| Rays |
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A ribbon-like aggregate of wood cells extending radially across the grain, radiating out from the pith to the bark.
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| Reaction wood |
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Wood that forms in a tree in response to leaning. Called Compression wood in softwoods, since it forms on he underside of the stem or limb. In hardwoods it forms on the upper side and is called Tension wood.
View: Compression Wood
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| Receiver |
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Head of a scanner that monitors the infrared signals transmitted by the transmitter head.
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| Reciprocation |
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Back-and-forth straight line motion or oscillation.
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| Recoverable heat |
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Heat energy from combustion that is actually recovered to do useful work.
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| Recovery |
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1. Product recovery: An expression of the amount of product (nominal or actual) that can be
manufactured from a given input of raw material.
2. Logging recovery: The volume or weight of logs that can be harvested from a given volume of
standing timber.
View: Product / Lumber Recovery
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| Recovery boiler |
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A boiler that recovers process chemicals for re-use and creates process steam with the heat it generates.
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| Recyclable paper |
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Paper capable of being recycled. Almost all paper is recyclable if sorted by paper type and if contaminants (such as plastic and food products) are removed.
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| Regenerative circuit |
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A piping arrangement for a differential type cylinder in which discharge fluid from the rod end combines with pump delivery to be directed into the head end.
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| Relative humidity |
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Ratio of the amount of water vapour present in the air to that which the air would hold at saturation at the same temperature. It is usually considered on the basis of the weight of the vapour but, for accuracy, should be considered on the basis of vapour pressures.
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| Relief valve |
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A pressure operated valve which by-passes pump delivery to the reservoir, limiting system pressure to a predetermined maximum value.
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| Reman |
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Abbreviation for remanufactured, used to describe boards that require further manufacturing.
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| Replenish |
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To add fluid to maintain a full hydraulic system.
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| Resaw |
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A machine to cut boards, planks, slabs, or other material length-wise into two or more pieces, usually of equal length and width.
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| Resawing |
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The process of sawing lumber in two lengthwise, parallel to the wide face. It is usually, though not always, done through the middle of the board, producing two equal sized boards, each approximately half the thickness of the original. Resawing changes the thickness of the lumber but not its width. Also see Ripping.
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| Residual fiber |
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Leftover wood fiber from sawmills and plywood plants, and pulpwood derived from timber management activities.
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| Residue |
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1. Logging residue: Unmerchantable tops, branches, and stumps of felled trees, and logs and
standing trees that are too small or defective to be removed economically from the woods
during a logging operation.
2. Mill residue: That portion of log input volume that remains after the primary product has been
produced.
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| Resin |
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An ingredient of coatings which acts as a binder and gives the coating physical properties such as hardness and durability.
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| Resolution |
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The smallest unit used for taking measurements from a scanner or the encoder.
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| Resorcinol glue |
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An adhesive made from resorcinol resin and formaldehyde.
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| Restriction |
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A reduced cross-sectional area in a line or passage which produces a pressure drop.
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| Return line |
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A line used to carry exhaust fluid from the actuator back to sump.
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| Reverse casehardening |
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A final stress-and-set condition in dry lumber in which the outer fibers are under tensile stress and the inner fibers are under compressive stress. This condition is not reversible. See also Casehardening.
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| Reversing valve |
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A four-way directional valve used to reverse a double-acting cylinder or reversible motor.
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| Right-hand mill |
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A sawmill in which the saw and carriage are on the right-hand side of a person standing on the log deck and facing the rear of the mill.
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| Rim speed |
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The speed of the saw blade at the extreme periphery when rotated.
View: Gang Edger Formula, Quad Sawbox Formula
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| Rip |
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To cut a board lengthwise, parallel to the fibers.
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| Rip tooth |
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The type of saw tooth adapted for cutting parallel to the fibers of wood.
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| Ripping |
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Sawing or cutting with the grain as with a rip saw. When ripping is done on a planer, it is usually called splitting.
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| Risers |
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Small distribution ducts within a direct-fired dry kiln that distribute heated air between the tracks from an underground main distribution duct.
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| Roller |
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A cylindrical body movable about its longitudinal axis.
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| Rotary actuator |
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A device for converting hydraulic energy into rotary motion - a hydraulic motor.
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| Rotary cut |
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Manner of cutting veneer whereby a log is centered in large lathe. As the log revolves, the cutting knife moves toward the center and a continuous sheet of veneer is peeled from the log.
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| Rotation age |
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The period of years required to establish and grow a timbercrop to a specified condition of maturity. The intended age of harvest of mature trees. Long rotations mostly affect those features that are desirable in lumber and in structural and non-structural products made largely of wood in solid form. Harvest age has less impact on the usefulness of wood for use in paper and fiber products and in products in which wood is reduced to small pieces prior to manufacture.
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| Round-faced hammer |
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A type of hammer used to flatten the surface and put tension in circular saws. It has a circular face with a convex plane, the curvature conforming to a radius of 4½ inches (114 mm).
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| Roundup |
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The irregularly shaped pieces of veneer that are initially produced when a debarked, irregularly shaped and tapered log engages a rotary lathe during manufacture of veneer.
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| Roundwood |
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Wood products that are round, such as pulpwood, posts, pilings, utility poles, and fencing materials.
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| RPM |
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Revolutions per minute.
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| RTD |
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A temperature measuring device that measures the change in electrical resistance to determine temperature (resistive thermal device).
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| Rung |
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An element of the PLC ladder logic program. Each rung looks at input signals and turns output signals on or off. The program runs by scanning the ladder logic, testing the input points and the instructions on each rung, and turning the output points on or off.
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| Runout |
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Deviation from flatness of circular saw near periphery when rotated.
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